创新技术继续推进切萨皮克湾修复
New land use/land cover and change data provide powerful insights into how the watershed is transforming
Annapolis, MD – The Chesapeake Bay Program, in collaboration with the 十大赌博正规老平台, U.S. 地质调查局和佛蒙特大学, is pleased to announce the release of the Very High- Resolution Land Use/Land Cover and Change Data. 这些数据更新了2013-14年的数据 高分辨率土地利用 数据项目, provide new land use and land cover data captured in 2017-18 and include a new data product that describes the changes in land use and land cover throughout the Chesapeake Bay watershed from 2013- 14 to 2017-18.
2018年，美国经济增长放缓.S. Environmental Protection Agency entered into a six-year cooperative agreement with the 十大赌博正规老平台 to produce land use, 流域土地覆盖和土地变化数据. This effort was intended to build upon the release of the initial one-meter data products in 2016 and 2017 that were the first and largest high-resolution land use/land cover datasets ever developed for the Chesapeake Bay watershed. 当这些产品在2016年和2017年发布时, they provided more precise information showing small tracts of woods and individual trees in urban areas.
The new 2017-18 dataset includes a more detailed land use/land cover classification with enhanced technical and scientific information that was not previously available for the 2013-14 data products. Experts have now updated the 2013-14 datasets with this new information and are releasing a brand-new 2017-18 product. The new 2017-18 and revised 2013-14 datasets contain 54 land use/land cover classes that are grouped into a general 18 class schema. This new release includes 38 more land use/land cover classes than the original 2013- 14 data product.
这些数据涵盖99,000 square miles–an area comprising 206 counties that intersect or are adjacent to the Chesapeake Bay watershed. 他们会通知 切萨皮克湾总最大日负荷 planning efforts that will help watershed jurisdictions make progress toward meeting their pollutant reduction goals. 此外，1米数据支持的目标和结果 切萨皮克湾流域协议 通过帮助 合作伙伴 切萨皮克湾项目提高了他们测量和关注环境的能力, 社区和经济效益, 比如确定空气质量的改善情况, 减低水浸风险, 节约能源, 碳封存, 环境正义的进步和雨水管理的加强.
To complement these updated and new datasets, change data are being offered for the very first time. 这是第一个绘制如此大规模变化地图的产品. 变化数据将为我们的流域如何变化提供强有力的见解. 它将有助于指导行动和决策，在实现土地管理目标方面取得进展, 包括监测树冠的变化, 确定森林中储存了多少碳, 绘制野生动物栖息地, ecologically sensitive lands and areas where environmental restoration can provide the most benefit. 另外, these data can track how lands transition into being developed or used for agricultural production, 以及其他影响水质和整体环境的变化.
The Very 高分辨率土地利用/Land Cover change data are currently limited to a 4–5-year span, as these novel data have only been developed for two time periods at this point (2013-14 and 2017-18) for each county in the Chesapeake Bay watershed. 因为在2013年之前，还没有使用图像生成一米的数据， 中等分辨率的30 × 30米数据，由美国制作.S. 在此之前，使用地质调查来评估土地利用/土地覆盖. These data will continue to be important in understanding long-term trends in human activities across the Chesapeake Bay watershed.
This is the largest amount of open data at this scale that has ever been made available and it’s free for anyone to use. 2017-18年土地覆盖和土地利用数据以及变化数据可在以下网址获取 http://0b7xit.ddz3123.com/conservation-innovation-center/high-resolution-data/lulc-data- 项目- 2022 /. 周二将举行一个网络研讨会，解释如何访问和使用可用的数据, 5月24日下午1点开始.m.-2:30 p.m. 请访问 这个链接 注册参加网络研讨会. 下一次土地利用/土地覆盖和变化数据的迭代预计在2024年, 代表2021-22年的时间框架.
事实。
土地覆盖描述了存在于陆地表面的自然和人为特征, 例如不透水的表面, 树的树冠, 和水. Land cover data are produced directly from either satellite or aerial imagery combined with information on features from LiDAR imagery and planimetric data on roads and building footprints. 土地使用说明了人们如何利用土地，如农田, 草坪草, 太阳能场和采掘(如活跃的采矿作业). Translating land cover into land use requires nuanced consideration and use of a variety of ancillary data including tax parcels, 活跃的和废弃的矿井, 垃圾填埋场, 高尔夫球场, 公用事业输电线, 以及木材采伐许可区域. 辅助数据的可用性和可用性因流域而异
问题
精确的高分辨率土地利用/土地覆盖数据的制作成本很高, 需要专业人员, 计算机和软件. 这使得组织和地方政府机构很难产生自己的数据. 此外, 以高分辨率精确绘制土地利用/土地覆盖变化地图极为罕见, requiring a focused effort to compare images representing two different dates rather than attempting to differentiate two independently developed land use/land cover datasets. 没有准确的土地利用/土地覆盖数据, 设定现实是很有挑战性的, 严格的污染物减排目标. Up until 2017, the Chesapeake Bay Program has relied on 30-meter land cover data produced by the U.S. 地质调查局和国家海洋和大气管理局. 虽然这些数据可以描述总体的景观趋势, 该分辨率的数据无法准确描绘人口密集地区的树冠, 低密度住宅发展, 狭窄的道路或小建筑物.
重要性
One-meter resolution land use/land cover and change data will be useful not only to the restoration efforts of the Chesapeake Bay Program, 还包括州和地方政府, 非营利组织, 商业和学术机构遍及分水岭. It provides partner organizations with the power to practice precision restoration and conservation, 哪一个可以粗略地描述为正确的修复和保护措施, 在正确的时间，正确的地点. 对修复和保护工作的目标做出有效和有影响力的决定, 基于基础土地利用/土地覆盖数据, 将节省政府和非营利机构的冗余和资源.
报价
“These new data will help anyone who wants to do their part in protecting every corner of the watershed. There’s tremendous benefit in having data like this that can show the good and bad treatment of land so that we can make better decisions going forward.”
“切萨皮克的高分辨率变化数据首次成为开放数据. This allows us to better understand what’s happening on the landscape and to do change detection and trend analysis. 这一点的重要性不容低估. 对于我们这些致力于修复切萨皮克号的人, 这实际上是詹姆斯·韦伯太空望远镜的时刻.”
“一米土地利用和土地覆盖数据是基础数据, 权威的, 并对海湾的修复工作产生重大影响. They are foundational because they inform most outcomes in the 2014 Agreement and will serve as the basis for developing the next generation of watershed and land change models. 它们是权威的，因为它们预期的高准确性.e., 95% user’s accuracy for impervious cover and 树的树冠) and transparency: any person viewing the data can recognize and evaluate features and areas of interest based on their local knowledge. The data are transformative because they will ultimately change the way restoration and conservation actions are implemented, enabling a complete inventory of restoration and conservation opportunities and the targeting of actions.”